Final California 2010 Integrated Report (303(d) List/305(b) Report)

Supporting Information

Regional Board 9 - San Diego Region

Water Body Name:	Agua Hedionda Lagoon
Water Body ID:	CAE9043100019990209154022
Water Body Type:	Estuary


DECISION ID	6360	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

Pollutant:	Indicator Bacteria
Final Listing Decision:	Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2006)
Revision Status	Revised
Reason for Delisting:	Applicable WQS attained; reason for recovery unspecified
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	This pollutant is being considered for removal from the section 303(d) list under section 4.2 and 4.3 of the Listing Policy. Under this section a single line of evidence is necessary to assess listing status. Seven lines of evidence are available in the administrative record to assess this pollutant. Ten of 93 samples exceeded the water quality objective for Shellfish Harvesting. Based on the readily available data and information, the weight of evidence indicates that there is sufficient justification for removing this water segment-pollutant combination from the section 303(d) list. This conclusion is based on the staff findings that: 1. The data used satisfies the data quality requirements of section 6.1.4 of the Policy. 2. The data used satisfies the data quantity requirements of section 6.1.5 of the Policy. 3. Ten of 93 samples exceeded the Shellfish Harvesting water quality objective and this does not exceed the allowable frequency listed in Table 4.2 of the Listing Policy. 4. Pursuant to section 4.11 of the Listing Policy, no additional data and information are available indicating that standards are not met. Fecal coliform and enterococcus lines of evidence also support the delisting recommendation.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of the available data and information, RWQCB staff concludes that the water body-pollutant combination should be removed from the section 303(d) list because applicable water quality standards for the pollutant are not being exceeded.

State Board Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

USEPA Action (if applicable):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30330

Pollutant:

Total Coliform

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total 27 geomeans were calculated with three exceeding the objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Geomean: Total coliform density shall not exceed 1,000 per 100ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

The area of concern is 6.8 acres from the outer lagoon. There were four monitoring stations in the outer lagoon and two stations in the inner lagoon. Station Transect 1, Transect 2, Trasect 3, and Inlet 1 are in the outer lagoon and Inlet 2 and Segment 1 in the inner portion.

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30332

Pollutant:

Fecal Coliform

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total 27 geomeans were calculated with two exceeding the objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Geomean: Fecal coliform density shall not exceed 200 per 100ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30331

Pollutant:

Fecal Coliform

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected by the from January 2008 through October 2008. A total 93 samples were collected with five exceeding the single sample objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Single Sample Maximum: Fecal coliform density shall not exceed 400 per 100 ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30333

Pollutant:

Enterococcus

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total of 93 single samples were collected with nine samples exceeding the single sample objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Single Sample Maximum: Enterococcus density shall not exceed 104 per 100 ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30329

Pollutant:

Total Coliform

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total of 93 single samples were collected with no samples exceeded the single sample water quality objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Single Sample Maximum: Total coliform density shall not exceed 10,000 per 100ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30334

Pollutant:

Enterococcus

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total of 27 geomeans were calculated with three exceeding the objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Geomean: Enterococcus density shall not exceed 35 per 100 ml.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30327

Pollutant:

Total Coliform

LOE Subgroup:

Pollution

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Shellfish Harvesting

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PWS pathogen monitoring (ambient water)

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Beach monitoring data was collected from January 2008 through October 2008. A total of 93 single samples were collected with 10 samples exceeded the single sample water quality objective.

Data Reference:

Bacteria Monitoring Data for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. July 22, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

From the Ocean Plan the median coliform density shall not exceed 70 per 100ml, and not more than 10 percent of the samples shall exceed 230 per 100ml (SWRCB, 2005).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

SWRCB. 2005. Water Quality Control Plan, Ocean Waters of California (Ocean Plan). California Environmental Protection Agency, State Water Resources Control Board. February 14, 2006

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

The bacteria monitoring occurred from January 2008 through October 2008

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

Water quality samples collected in accordance with the City of Encinitas quality assurance plan

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit, SDRWQCB Investigative Order R9-2006-076, Lagoon Monitoring. Quality Assurance Plan. September 1, 2007

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6360, Indicator Bacteria	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

4438

Pollutant:

Indicator Bacteria

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Water

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

Not Recorded

Beneficial Use:

Water Contact Recreation

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

PATHOGEN MONITORING

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Unspecified--This LOE is a placeholder to support a 303(d) listing decision made prior to 2006.

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference pre-2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Unspecified

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference pre-2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Unspecified

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference pre-2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Unspecified

Temporal Representation:

Unspecified

Environmental Conditions:

Unspecified

QAPP Information:

Unspecified

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	6361	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

Pollutant:	Sedimentation/Siltation
Final Listing Decision:	Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2006)
Revision Status	Revised
Reason for Delisting:	Flaws in original listing
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	This pollutant is being considered for removal from the section 303(d) list under section 4.2 of the Listing Policy. Based on the readily available information, the weight of evidence indicates that there is sufficient justification for removing this water segment-pollutant combination from the section 303(d) list. This conclusion is based on the staff findings that: 1.No data could be found to confirm sedimentation is causing impairment. The delisting the Agua Hedionda Lagoon, for impairment by sedimentation/siltation, is warranted based upon the following observations: 1) The lagoon is an engineered system that is artificially kept open and includes settling basins that are expected to require maintenance to remove sediment, 2) There is a significant lack of data to support the original sedimentation listing on the 1992 WQA, 3) The historical listings of the lagoon (1992 to 2006) apparently were limited to the outer lagoon, 4) The curtailed sandbar formation in the middle and inner lagoon since the 1998 dredging work in the outer, middle, and inner lagoon, 5) The outer lagoon continues to be dredged every 1 to 3 years, and 6) The apparent effective reduction in sediment build up in the inner lagoon settling basin.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of the available data and information, RWQCB staff concludes that the water body-pollutant combination should be removed from the section 303(d) list because applicable water quality standards for the pollutant are not being exceeded. No historical or recent information is available that cofirms sedimentation from inland sources is causing a problem in the lagoon.

State Board Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

USEPA Action (if applicable):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6361, Sedimentation/Siltation	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

30326

Pollutant:

Sedimentation/Siltation

LOE Subgroup:

Testimonial Evidence

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Marine Habitat

Aquatic Life Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Visual observation, may not quantify some parameters; single season; by prof.

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Agua Hedionda Lagoon is a lagoon that has been extensively modified/improved to create a man-made lagoon to support the operation of the Encina Power Station. Under natural conditions, the lagoon was originally a silt-choked marsh that was only occasionally open to the ocean. The lagoon system configuration that was originally dredged in 1954 included two settling basins one in the outer lagoon (~20 feet below MSL) to trap sands carried in through the ocean inlet, and one at the eastern end of the inner lagoon (~17 feet below MSL) to trap sediments from Agua Hedionda Creek, which discharges in to the lagoon. As of 2009, the lagoon system is essentially an engineered system that was built in 1954 and was expected to require some maintenance to remove sediment from the settling basins.

The documentation to support the original basis for listing Agua Hedionda Lagoon as an impaired water quality segment, on the 1992 WQA, could not be found. The 1992 WQA listing of Agua Hedionda Lagoon is based primarily on the elevated levels of bacteria in shellfish muscle tissue rather than upon bacteria or sediment in the water column. This seems to be consistent with the 1992 WQA listing being limited to 1 of 400 acres, presumably associated with the shellfish growing area in the outer lagoon.

The 1996 WQA increased the area affected to 5 acres, which still is limited to the shellfish growing area in the outer lagoon. In the 1998 303(d) List, the area affected is still shown as 5 acres. The 2002 and 2006 303(d) Lists show the area affected as 6.8 acres. In every listing, the area affected appears to be limited to the outer lagoon.

In regards to the basis for listing Agua Hedionda Lagoon for sedimentation, data is not available to support the listing. The available information suggests that the original listing was likely based on the observation of sandbars that had formed in the outer, middle, and western part of the inner lagoon. The sandbars were first noticed in 1960, just 6 years after the intial dredging that formed the lagoon. The formation of the sandbars in the middle and inner lagoon appeared to be a result of the higher than expected flow rates required to operate the Encina Power Station, which greatly increased the sediment discharge into the lagoon from the ocean inlet during flood tides, and reduced the effectiveness of sediment removal out of the lagoon during the ebb tides.

In 1998, the outer, middle, and inner Agua Hedionda Lagoon was dredged to conform to a remedial measure proposed by Jenkins and Wasyl (1996). Since the 1998 dredging, the formation of sandbars in the middle and inner lagoon do not appear to be re-occurring. The outer lagoon continues to be dredged approximately every 2 years. The overall impacts of the past dredging projects seems to have improved water circulation and reduced the sediment deposition in the settling basin in the eastern part of the inner lagoon as compared to the time period from 1954 to 1998. The Encina Power Station continues to monitor the sediment build up in the outer, middle, and inner lagoon.

Data Reference:

Proposal to Remove/Delist Agua Hedionda Lagoon from the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments for Sedimentation. Memorandum from Wayne Chiu to Alan Monji. July 28, 2009

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

The suspended sediment load and suspended sediment discharge rate of surface waters shall not be altered in such a manner as to cause nuisance or adversely affect beneficial uses.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Evaluation Guideline:

Evidence of siltation.

Guideline Reference:

Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin

Spatial Representation:

The area of concern is 6.8 acres from the outer lagoon.

Temporal Representation:

The narrative covers a period from 1992 to present

Environmental Conditions:

The outer lagoon is dredged approximately every two years to support the operation of the Encina Power Station.

QAPP Information:

None necessary

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	6916	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

Pollutant:	Invasive Species
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2006)
Revision Status	Original
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	This pollutant is being considered for placement on the section 303(d) list under section 3.10 of the Listing Policy. Under section 3.10 a single line of evidence is necessary to assess listing status. One line of evidence is available in the administrative record to assess this pollutant. Caulerpa taxifolia was first discovered at Agua Hedionda Lagoon on 6-12-00. Third year monitoring results, to summer 2003 detected no presence of C. taxifolia. Based on the readily available data and information, the weight of evidence indicates that there is sufficient justification against placing this water segment-pollutant combination on the section 303(d) list in the Water Quality Limited Segments category. This conclusion is based on the staff findings that: 1) Third year monitoring of C. taxifolia occurred from fall 2002 to summer 2003. 2) Baseline data was established from the first and second year monitoring results. 3) Third year monitoring for winter 2002 and spring 2003 were not conducted lagoon-wide, but focused on areas previously known to support C. taxifolia. 4) During the Fall 2002, Winter 2002, Spring 2003 and Summer 2003 surveys no Caulerpa taxifolia was found in the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. None has been discovered since 9/11/02, during the summer survey for the second year monitoring. 5) It cannot be determined if the trend in water quality is expected to meet water standards by the next listing cycle. 6) Pursuant to section 3.11 of the Listing Policy, no additional data and information are available indicating that standards are not met.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2008. The decision has not changed.

State Board Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

USEPA Action (if applicable):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 6916, Invasive Species	Region 9
Agua Hedionda Lagoon

LOE ID:

641

Pollutant:

Invasive Species

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Water

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Caulerpa taxifolia was found in Aqua Hedionda Lagoon on 6-12-00. A second infestation was also located at Huntington Harbor, Orange County, CA. It is possible that Caulerpa taxifolia has been in the Lagoon for at least four years (as early as 1996) prior to its first discovery there. During the Fall 2002, Winter 2002, Spring 2003 and Summer 2003 surveys no Caulerpa taxifolia was found in the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. (Anderson, 2005).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are toxic to, or that produce detrimental physiological responses in human, plant, animal, or aquatic life. Compliance with this objective will be determined by use of indicator organisms, analyses of species diversity, population density, growth anomalies, bioassays of appropriate duration, or other appropriate methods as specified by the Regional Board.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Third year monitoring of Caulerpa taxifolia at Aqua Hedionda Lagoon, Carlsbad, California. The amount of Caulerpa taxifolia in June 2000 was approximately 1,047 meters squared, but by the end of the second year of eradication the amount had been reduced to 0.4 meters squared. Surveys were conducted lagoon-wide, covering the west, central and east basin, however the spring 2003 and winter 2002 surveys were limited to high-risk areas previously known to support Caulerpa taxifolia.

Temporal Representation:

During the third year of eradication, survey work involved four surveys conducted quarterly from fall 2002 to the end of summer 2003. No Caulerpa taxifolia was located in the Lagoon during these surveys for the third year monitoring.

Environmental Conditions:

Changes in relative diversity and abundance of native species may also be driven by habitat alteration, flow changes, or hydromodification.

QAPP Information:

Peer Reviewed Journal Article.

QAPP Information Reference(s):